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î¯pcã N¯‡®¾¯ÁX®Š®nµS®¢S¯T, 1902 Š®ªå‡µ±° þ®î®±±u®äu®ªå îµ²hÔîµ²u®© …³œ®q¬ c©ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý š¯Úz›u® ý¯åU®x°‡®± š¯Úw®î®w®±Ýºvw® îµ±¶š®²Š®± Š¯cã y®lµvq®±Ù. î®±±ºu®±î®Šµu® uµ°ý®S®¡®w®²Ý K¡®Sµ²ºl®ºqµ, BTw® š®ºu®„®Áu®ªå N¯‡®±q®ºq®ä Cw®²Ý BŠ®º†N® œ®ºq®u®ªåq®±Ù. Nµ²°Œ¯Š® Yw®Ýu® S®p‡®± N¯‡®±ÁX®h±î®iNµS®¡® ïu®±ãq¬ AS®q®ãqµ‡®±w®±Ý y®½Šµ¶š®±î®¼u®N¯ÊT Aq®ãvN® îµ½°ŒµÔ°dwµ²ºvSµ ïý®æu®Œµå° Ar Eu®Ûu® y®äš®Š®o ¯S®Áî®w®±Ý xï±Áš®Œ¯±q®±.

þ®î®±±u®ä ïu®±ãq¬ Nµ°ºu®äu® Eq¯Þu®w¯ š¯î®±s®ãÁî®w®±Ý N®äîµ±°o 42 îµ±.î¯g¬.Sµ œµYÏš®Œ¯±q®±. AvÃN®Sµ²ºl® ïu®±ãq¬ „µ°mNµ‡®±w®±Ý y®½Šµ¶š®©±, 17.2 îµ±.î¯g¬.š¯î®±s®ãÁu® þºý¯ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý 1940 Š®ªå š¯Úzš®Œ¯±q®±. Bu¯S®²ã, Nµ¶S¯‹Nµ Eu®ãî®± œ¯S®² S¯äï±°o ïu®±ãv°N®Š®ou® y®ä‡®±±N®Ù ïu®±ãq¬ „µ°mNµ‡®±± AvÃN®Sµ²¡®±ëq¯Ù …ºvq®±. "°S¯T, Eq¯Þu®w¯ š¯î®±s®ãÁî®w®±Ý œµYÏš®Œµ°„µ°N¯T…ºvq®±. î®±œ¯q¯âS¯ºvà c©ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äu® 48 îµ±.î¯g¬w® îµ²u®© œ®ºq®î®w®±Ý 1948Š®©²å, 72îµ±.î¯g¬w® HŠ®l®wµ‡®± œ®ºq®î®w®±Ý 1965 Š®ªå š¯Úzš®Œ¯±q®±.

N®mîµ± u®Š®u® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ œ¯S®² CxÝq®Š® î®±²©„®²q® š¹©„®ãS®¡µ²ºvSµ, N®w¯ÁhN® Š¯cã, îµ°S®î¯T „µ¡µ‡®±±rÙu®Û Nµ¶S¯‹N¯ £µ°q®äu® X®h±î®iNµS®¢Sµ wµŠ®î¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. ý®Š¯î®r N®pîµ y®äuµ°ý®u® Cm° š¯î®±s®ãÁî®w®±Ý š®c±ÑSµ²¢› ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ š¯î®±s®ãÁî®w®±Ý AvN®Sµ²¢š®±î®¼u®± Aq®ãî®ý®ãq®±. ý®Š¯î®r‡®±ªå, 89.1 îµ±.î¯g¬ š¯î®±s®ãÁu® îµ²u®© ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý 1964 Š®ªå š¯Úz›, Nµ©š®î®w®±Ý 1977 Š®ªå y®½oÁSµ²¢š®Œ¯±q®±.

60 Š® Au®ý®N®u® î®±u®ã„¯S®u®ªå œ®©î¯Š®± š¯î®ÁcxN® £µ°q®ä œ¯S®² P¯š®T° Nµ¶S¯‹NµS®¡® š¯Úy®wµ±ºu¯T Š¯cãu®ªå ïu®±ãq¬ „µmNµ‡®±± AvN®Sµ²¡®±ëq¯Ù…ºvq®±. Š¯cãu® ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®wµ‡®±± y¯äN®³rN®î¯T ©„®ãî¯S®±î® î®±±ºS¯Š®± î®±¡µ‡®±wµÝ° š®ºy®½oÁî¯T Aº†›q®±Ù. Š¯cã š®N¯ÁŠ®î®¼, N®ªåu®Ûªxºu® Eq¯Þu®wµ ¯l®±î® ïu®±ãq¬ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý Š¯‡®±X®²‹w®ªå y¯äŠ®º†›q®±. y®äš®±Ùq®, Š¯‡®±X®²‹w® ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ š¯Úzq® š¯î®±s®ãÁ 1260 îµ±.î¯g¬. Š¯cãu® ïu®±ãq¬ š®ºy®w®²â©S®¡®w®±Ý AvN®Sµ²¢š®±î® š®©±î¯T, Kg¯ÙŠµ 4112 ﱪ‡®±w¬ O.î¯g¬ œ®î®š¬Á ïu®±ãq¬ š¯î®±s®ãÁuµ²ºvSµ, w¯S®Š®Ä±‹ y®î®Š¬ œ¹š¬w®ªå 810 îµ±.î¯g¬ š¯î®±s®ãÁu® N¯¢°w®v ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý œ¯S®² š®²y¯ AnµN®h±Ô y®äuµ°ý®u®ªå 100 îµ±.î¯g¬. š¯î®±s®ãÁu® ïu®±ãq¬ Eq¯Þu®w¯ Nµ°ºu®äî®w®±Ý š¯Úzš®Œ¯±q®±.

1957 Š®î®ŠµSµ Š¯cãu® y®äš®Š®o œ¯S®± ïq®Š®nµ‡®± c¯Û‹‡®±± N®w¯ÁhN® š®N¯ÁŠ®u®("ºvw® îµ±¶š®²Š®±) x‡®±ºq®äou®ªåq®±Ù. 1957 Š®ªå, îµ±¶š®²Š®± Š¯cã ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ î®±ºl®¢‡®±w®±Ý Š®Yš®Œ¯±q®± œ¯S®² P¯š®T° ïq®Š®n¯ N®ºy®xS®¡®w®±Ý N®w¯ÁhN® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ î®±ºl®¢‡µ²ºvSµ 練w®Sµ²¢š®Œ¯±q®±.

1986 Š®î®ŠµSµ N®.ï.î®±ºl®¢‡®±± Œ¯„®u¯‡®±N® š®ºšµÚ‡®¾¯Tq®±Ù. Bu®Šµ w®ºq®Š®u® î®Ç®ÁS®¡®ªå, Š¯cã š®N¯ÁŠ®u® š®î®¾¯bµ²°-BtÁN® x°r‡®± N¯‡®±ÁN®äî®±S®¡® y®ä‡®±±N®Ù œ¯S®² N®³ £µ°q®äu®ªå ïu®±ãq¬ …¡®Nµ‡®±± AvN®Sµ²ºl® N¯Š®o uµ°ý®u® Cq®Š® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ î®±ºl®¢S®¡®ºqµ, N®ïî®±ºl®¢‡®±² š®œ® w®Ç®Ôî®w®±Ý Aw®±„®ïš®©± y¯äŠ®º†›q®±.

„¯Š®q® š®N¯ÁŠ®î®¼ y¯äŠ®º†›u® š®±u¯Š®o N¯‡®±ÁN®äî®±S®¢Sµ š®î®±w¯T ïu®±ãq¬ £µ°q®äu® N¯‡®±Áš¯u®wµ‡®±w®±Ý Eq®Ùî®±y®mš®©±, Š¯cã š®N¯ÁŠ®î®¼ ïu®±ãq¬ £µ°q®äu® Aî®±²Œ¯S®äî¯u® š®±u¯Š®n¯ N¯‡®±ÁN®äî®±uµ²ºvSµ š¯î®¾¯w®ã x°r š®ºïqµ‡µ²ºu®w®±Ý y®äš¯Ùz›q®±. q®u®w®±š¯Š®î¯T, N®w¯ÁhN® ý¯š®w®š®„µ‡®±ªå N®w¯ÁhN® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ š®±u¯Š®o Avx‡®±î®±îµ½ºu®w®±Ý Aw®±î®±rš®Œ¯±q®±. D š®±u¯Š®nµ‡®±±, N®w¯ÁhN® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ î®±ºl®¢‡®± …³œ®q¬ y®¼w®Š®äX®wµ œ¯S®² xS®ï±°N®Š®oî®w®±Ý N®l¯Ö‡®±Sµ²¢›q®±. xS®ï±°N®Š®ou® AºS®î¯T, N®w¯ÁhN® ïu®±ãX®ÐOÙ î®±ºl®¢‡®±± ïš®dÁq®Sµ²ºmq®± œ¯S®² BS®š¬Ô,1 1999 ‹ºu® N®w¯ÁhN® ïu®±ãq¬ y®äš®Š®o xS®î®± x‡®±ï±q®î®¼ Š®Yq®Sµ²ºmq®±.

š®±u¯Š®n¯ N¯‡®±ÁN®äî®±u® AºS®î¯T, ïq®Š®n¯ £µ°q®äî®w®±Ý w¯©±Ê N®ºy®xS®¡®w¯ÝT ï„®dš®Œ¯±q®±. A, „µºS®¡®²Š®± ïu®±ãq¬ š®Š®…Š¯c± N®ºy®x(„µïN®º), î®±ºS®¡®²Š®± ïu®±ãq¬ š®Š®…Š¯c± N®ºy®x(î®±ïN®º), œ®±…à¢ë ïu®±ãq¬ š®Š®…Š¯c± N®ºy®x(œ®±ïN®º), œ¯S®² S®±©…S¯Á ïu®±ãq¬ š®Š®…Š¯c± N®ºy®x(S®±ïN®º). D N®ºy®xS®¡®± c²w¬ 1, 2002 ‹ºu® A›Ùq®æNµÊ …ºu®î®¼.